Document Type
Book Chapter
Publication Date
2020
Published In
The Cambridge Companion to The Federalist
Abstract
The American civic canon holds that the Constitution creates three branches of government that are both separate and “equal.” Publius’s essays on Congress cast serious doubt on this supposition, at least with respect to the extent of each branch’s influence on the workings of the national regime. It is no mistake that both the Constitution and The Federalist treat Congress as the first branch of government. It is “justly regarded” as such, Louis Fisher says, primarily because of the appropriations power elucidated in Federalist 58. The Federalist understands Congress, George W. Carey writes, “to be the heart of the proposed system.” Even the doubts and concerns that Publius expresses about Congress reflect regard for its authority. Federalist 51, for example, acknowledges that the legislature “necessarily predominates” (Fed. 51, 350) in a republic, but it also seeks a remedy for the “inconveniency” this poses to the separation of powers. Institutionally, Congress has the power both to constitute and discipline the other branches, which have no comparable authority over it. Even when defending executive energy, Publius describes it as secondary to legislative deliberation. The centrality of the legislative branch is demonstrable not only institutionally but also theoretically, for it is here that Publius places his greatest hopes for solving one of his most fundamental problems: the reconciliation of a government with sufficient authority and energy on the one hand, with the preservation of both public and personal liberty, on the other – a concern that Hamilton and Madison respectively expressed in Federalist 1 and 37.
DOI
10.1017/9781316479865.013
Rights
© Cambridge University Press 2020.
Recommended Citation
Weiner, G. (2020). “The Cool and Deliberate Sense of the Community”: The Federalist on Congress. In J. Rakove & C. Sheehan (Eds.), The Cambridge Companion to The Federalist (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy, pp. 400-425). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316479865.013
Comments
This material has been published in The Cambridge Companion to The Federalist edited by Jack N. Rakove and Colleen A. Sheehan [https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316479865.013]. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution or re-use.